JUDGMENT ISSUED.

Judgment REVERSED. Kennedy, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan, JJ., joined. Roberts, C. J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which Scalia and Thomas, JJ., joined. Scalia, J. filed a dissenting opinion, in which Thomas, J., joined. Thomas, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which Scalia, J., joined. Alito, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which Scalia and Thomas, JJ., joined. VIDED

Request for recusal received from amicus curiae Foundation for Moral Law. VIDED

Motion for leave to file amicus brief filed by Theodore Coates DENIED. VIDED.

Argued. For petitioners on Question 1: Mary L. Bonauto, Boston, Mass.; and Donald B. Verrilli, Jr., Solicitor General, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. (for United States, as amicus curiae.) For respondents on Question 1: John J. Bursch, Special Assistant Attorney General, Lansing, Mich. For petitioners on Question 2: Douglas Hallward-Driemeier, Washington, D. C. For respondents on Question 2: Joseph F. Whalen, Associate Solicitor General, Nashville, Tenn.

Reply of petitioners James Obergefell, et al. filed. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of State of Alabama filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Jason Feliciano and Seventeen Pastors filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Earl M. Maltz, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Southeastern Legal Foundation filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Public Advocate of the U.S., et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Agudath Israel of America filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Texas Values filed. VIDED.(Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Foundation for Moral Law filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Mike Huckabee Policy Solutions and, Family Research Institute filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Richard A. Lawrence filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Scholars of Fertility and Marriage filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Texas Eagle Forum and Steven F. Hotze, M.D. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Upon consideration of the March 17 and March 31, 2015, letters from counsel for the petitioners and the respondents, the following order of argument is adopted. On Question 1 the time is allocated as follows: 30 minutes for one advocate on behalf of the petitioners, 15 minutes for the Solicitor General, and 45 minutes for one advocate on behalf of the respondents. On Question 2 the time is allocated as follows: 30 minutes for one advocate on behalf of the petitioners, and 30 minutes for one advocate on behalf of the respondents. VIDED

Brief amicus curiae of David Boyle filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae Idaho Governor C.L. "Butch" Otter filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Same-Sex Attracted Men and their Wives filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Dr. Judith Reisman, and Liberty Center for Child Protection filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Jon Simmons filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of 57 Members of U.S. Congress filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of ProtectMarriage.com - Yes on 8, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Institute for Marriage and Public Policy, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Concerned Women for America filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Lighted Candle Society filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of International Conference of Evangelical Endorsers filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Judicial Watch, Inc. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Major Religious Organizations filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Louisiana, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Leaders of the 2012 Republican National Convention Committee on the Platform, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Tri Valley Law, P.C. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Catholic Answers filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of The Committee for Justice filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Organizations and Scholars of Gender-Diverse Parenting filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Scholars of the Welfare of Women, Children, and Underprivileged Populations filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Motion for leave to file amicus brief filed by Theodore Coates. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of American College of Pediatricians, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of United States Conference of Catholic Bishops filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of 100 Scholars of Marriage filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Religious Organizations, Public Speakers, and Scholars Concerned About Free Speech filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of 47 Scholars filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Parents and Friends of Gays & Ex-Gays filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Scholars of Originalism filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Wyoming Legislators and Scholars of Full Faith and Credit filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of David A. Robinson filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Public Affairs Campaign and Opinion Expert Frank Schubert, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Algirdas M. Liepas filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of National Coalition of Black Pastors and Christian Leaders filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Family Research Council filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of CatholicVote.org Education Fund filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Organizations That Promote Biological Parenting filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Supplemental joint letter of argument proposal from counsel for the petitioners. VIDED

Brief amici curiae of Liberty Scholars and the Saint Thomas More Society of Dallas filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Lary S. Larson filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of 54 International and Comparative Law Experts from 27 Countries filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Family Trust Foundation of Kentucky, Inc., A/K/A The Family Foundation filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of North Carolina Values Coalition, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of The Ruth Institute and Dr. Jennifer Roback Morse, Ph.D. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief of respondents Richard Hodges, Director, Ohio Department of Health, et al. filed. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Scholars of History and Related Disciplines filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of State of South Carolina filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Heather Barwick and Katy Faust filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Dawn Stefanowicz and Denise Shick filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Ryan T. Anderson, Ph.D. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Robert Oscar Lopez and B.N. Klein filed. VIDED.(Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Professor Daniel N. Robinson, Ph.D. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Dr. Paul McHugh filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Record received from U.S.C.A. 6th Circuit is electronic.

Record from U.S.D.C. Southern Dist. of Ohio is electronic and located on PACER.

Brief amicus curiae of Robert J. Bentley, Governor of Alabama filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Joint letter of argument proposal from counsel for the respondents. VIDED

Joint letter of argument proposal from counsel for the petitioners. VIDED

Record requested from U.S.C.A. 6th Circuit.

CIRCULATED.

Brief amici curiae of Ninety-Two Plaintiffs in Marriage Cases in Alabama, et al. filed. VIDED.

SET FOR ARGUMENT ON Tuesday, April 28, 2015

Brief amici curiae of The Human Rights Campaign and 207,551 Americans filed. VIDED.

Appendix of The Human Rights Campaign and 207,551 Americans filed. (10 Volumes) VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Constitutional Accountability Center filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Kristin M. Perry, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Eagle Forum Education & Legal Defense Fund in support of neither party filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of United States filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of American Psychological Association, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Anti-Defamation League, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of PFLAG, Inc. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Conflict of Laws and Family Law Professors filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of The Donaldson Adoption Institute, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of The Liberty Education Forum filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Lawrence J. Korb, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of 167 Members of the U.S. House of Representatives, and 44 U.S. Senators filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Howard University School of Law Civil Rights Clinic filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Law Enforcement Officers, First Responders, and Organizations filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Legal Services NYC filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Legal Scholars Stephen Clark, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Family Law Scholars filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Freedom to Marry filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Americans United for Separation of Church and State filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Massachusetts, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of John K. Olson filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Marriage Equality USA filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of LGBT Student Organizations at Undergraduate, Graduate, and Professional Schools filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Minnesota filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Garden State Equality filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of 226 U.S. Mayors, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc., et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of The Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of The General Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists, et al. in support of neither party filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Professors Laurence H. Tribe and Michael C. Dorf filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Campaign for Southern Equality and Equality Federation filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Cato Institute, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Douglas Laycock, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Human Rights Watch and The New York City Bar Association, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of American Public Health Association, and Whitman-Walker Health filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Historians of Marriage and the American Historical Association filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Gary J. Gates filed. VIDED.

Proposal to lodge excerpts of original, declassified documents, from counsel for amicus curiae The Mattachine Society of Washington D.C. VIDE

Brief amici curiae of Foreign and Comparative Law Experts Harold Hongju Koh, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Constitutional Law Scholars Ashutosh Bhagwat, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Carlos A. Ball, Distinguished Professor of Law, Rutgers University, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Family Equality Council, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Experiential Learning Lab at New York University School of Law filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Chris Kluwe, et al. filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Citizens United for the Individual Freedom to Define Marriage in support of neither party filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Kenneth B. Mehlman, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of The Organization of American Historians filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of The American Humanist Association and Center for Inquiry filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of National Women's Law Center, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Virginia filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of American Sociological Association filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of The Alliance: State Advocates for Women's Rights and Gender Equality filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of GLMA, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Institute for Justice filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of 379 Employers and Organizations Representing Employers filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of President of the House of Deputies of the Episcopal Church, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Scholars of the Constitutional Rights of Children filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of National Family Civil Rights Center filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Conflict of Law Scholars filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Bay Area Lawyers for Individual Freedom, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Elected Officials and Former Officeholders of Michigan, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of California Council of Churches, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Professor W. Burlette Carter in support of neither party filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Equality Ohio, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Survivors of Sexual Orientation Change Therapies filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of The Cleveland Choral Arts Association Inc. a/k/a The North Coast Men's Chorus filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Services and Advocacy for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Elders, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Indiana University filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Hawaii filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of BiLaw filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Outserve-Servicemembers Legal Defense Network, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Columbia Law School Sexuality and Gender Law Clinic filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Langley Hill Friends Meeting, et al. filed. VIDED.

Joint appendix for No. 14-556, 14-562 & 14-574 filed (2 volumes). VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Mae Kuykendall, David Upham and Michael Worley in support of neither party and urging affirmance on question 1 filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of The County of Cuyahoga, Ohio filed.

Brief of petitioners James Obergefell, et al. filed.

Consent to the filing of amicus curiae briefs, in support of either party or of neither party, received from counsel for respondents Hodges, et al., in No. 14-556. VIDED

Consent to the filing of amicus curiae briefs, in support of either party or of neither party, received from counsel for respondents Haslam, et al., in No. 14-562. VIDED

Consent to the filing of amicus curiae briefs, in support of either party or of neither party, received from counsel for respondents Steve Beshear, et al., in No. 14-574. VIDED

Consent to the filing of amicus curiae briefs, in support of either party or of neither party, received from counsel for respondents Rick Snyder, Governor of Michigan, et al., in No. 14-571. VIDED

Petition GRANTED The petitions for writs of certiorari in No. 14-562, No. 14-571, and No. 14-574 are granted. The cases are consolidated and the petitions for writs of certiorari are granted limited to the following questions: 1) Does the Fourteenth Amendment require a state to license a marriage between two people of the same sex 2) Does the Fourteenth Amendment require a state to recognize a marriage between two people of the same sex when their marriage was lawfully licensed and performed out-of-state A total of ninety minutes is allotted for oral argument on Question 1. A total of one hour is allotted for oral argument on Question 2. The parties are limited to filing briefs on the merits and presenting oral argument on the questions presented in their respective petitions. The briefs of petitioners are to be filed on or before 2 p.m., Friday, February 27, 2015. The briefs of respondents are to be filed on or before 2 p.m., Friday, March 27, 2015. The reply briefs are to be filed on or before...

DISTRIBUTED for Conference of January 16, 2015.

DISTRIBUTED for Conference of January 9, 2015.

Reply of petitioners James Obergefell, et al. filed.

Letter from counsel for petitioners dated December 19, 2014, received waiving 14-day waiting period pursuant to Rule 15.5.

Brief amicus curiae of Idaho Governor C.L. "Butch" Otter filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of 76 Scholars of Marriage filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Colage; Equality Federation, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief of respondent Richard Hodges, Director, Ohio Department of Health filed.

Consent to the filing of amicus curiae briefs, in support of either party or of neither party, received from counsel for the respondents.

Petition for a writ of certiorari filed. (Response due December 15, 2014)

James Obergefell, et al., Petitioner, represented by Alphonse A. Gerhardstein

James Obergefell, et al., Petitioner, represented by Mary L. Bonauto

Richard Hodges, Director, Ohio Department of Health, et al., Respondent, represented by Eric E. Murphy

167 Members of the U.S. House of Representatives, and 44 U.S. Senators, Amicus Curiae, represented by Joseph F. Tringali

226 U.S. Mayors, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Blithe Smith Bock

379 Employers and Organizations Representing Employers, Amicus Curiae, represented by Susan Leann Baker Manning

47 Scholars, Amicus Curiae, represented by Robert P. George

54 International and Comparative Law Experts from 27 Countries, Amicus Curiae, represented by Lynn D. Wardle

57 Members of U.S. Congress, Amicus Curiae, represented by D. John Sauer

76 Scholars of Marriage, Amicus Curiae, represented by Gene Clayton Schaerr

Agudath Israel of America, Amicus Curiae, represented by Larry S. Loigman

Algirdas M. Liepas, Amicus Curiae, represented by Algirdas M. Liepas

American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Brian Christopher Vertz

American College of Pediatricians, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by David C. Walker

American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Alice M. O'Brien

American Health Association, and Whitman -Walker, Amicus Curiae, represented by Boris Bershteyn

American Psychological Association, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Paul M. Smith

American Sociological Association, Amicus Curiae, represented by Carmine D. Boccuzzi Jr.

Americans United for Separation of Curch and State, Amicus Curiae, represented by Charles A. Rothfeld

Anti-Defamation League, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Gregory E. Ostfeld

Bay Area Lawyers for Individual Freedom, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Jerome C. Roth

Beshear, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Leigh Gross Latherow

BiLaw, Amicus Curiae, represented by Kyle Courtenay Velte

Bourke, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Daniel J. Canon

California Council of Churches, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Eric A. Isaacson

Campaign for Southren Equality and Equality Federation, Amicus Curiae, represented by Cristina Alonso

Carlos A. Ball, Distinguished Professor of Law, Rutgers University, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Paul J. Hall

Catholic Answers, Amicus Curiae, represented by Charles S. Limandri

CatholicVote.org Education Fund, Amicus Curiae, represented by Patrick T. Gillen

Cato Institute, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by William N. Eskridge Jr.

Chris Kluwe, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by John A. Dragseth

Citizens United for the Individual Freedom to Define Marriage, Amicus Curiae, represented by D'Arcy Winston Straub

Columbia Law School Sexuality and Gender Law Clinic, Amicus Curiae, represented by Suzanne B. Goldberg

Concerned Women for America, Amicus Curiae, represented by Steven W. Fitschen

Conflict of Laws and Family Law Professors, Amicus Curiae, represented by Marjory Anne Gentry

Conflict of Law Scholars, Amicus Curiae, represented by Robert A. Long Jr.

Constitutional Accountability Center, Amicus Curiae, represented by Elizabeth B. Wydra

Constitutional Law Scholars Ashutosh Bhagwat, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Lori Alvino McGill

David A. Robinson, Amicus Curiae, represented by David A. Robinson

David Boyle, Amicus Curiae, represented by David C. Boyle

DeBoer, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Carole M. Stanyar

Douglas Laycock, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Douglas Laycock

Dr. Judith Reisman, and Liberty Center for Child Protection, Amicus Curiae, represented by Mathew D. Staver

Dr. Paul McHugh, Amicus Curiae, represented by Gerard V. Bradley

Eagle Forum Education and Legal Defense Fund in support of neither party, Amicus Curiae, represented by Lawrence J. Joseph

Earl M. Maltz, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Herbert G. Grey

Elected Officials and Former Officeholders of Michigan, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Gregory L. Diskant

Equality Ohio, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Alan B. Morrison

Family Equality Council, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Katherine Keating

Family Law Scholars, Amicus Curiae, represented by E. Joshua Rosenkranz

Family Research Council, Amicus Curiae, represented by Paul Benjamin Linton

Family Trust Foundation of Kentucky, Inc., A/K/A The Family Foundation, Amicus Curiae, represented by Stanton L. Cave

Foreign and Comparative Law Experts Harold Honju Koh, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Ruth N. Borenstein

Foundation for Moral Law, Amicus Curiae, represented by John A. Eidsmoe

Freedom to Marry, Amicus Curiae, represented by Walter Dellinger

Garden State Equality, Amicus Curiae, represented by Lawrence S. Lustberg

Gary J.Gates, Amicus Curiae, represented by J. Scott Ballenger

GLMA, Amicus Curiae, represented by Nicholas M. O'Donnell

Haslam, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Joseph F. Whalen

Hawaii, Amicus Curiae, represented by Girard D. Lau

Historians of Marriage, and the American Historical Association, Amicus Curiae, represented by Pratik A. Shah

Howard University School of Law Civil Rights Clinic, Amicus Curiae, represented by Benjamin G. Shatz

Human Rights Watch and The New York City Bar Association, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Richard L. Levine

Indiana University, Amicus Curiae, represented by Jon Laramore

Institute for Justice, Amicus Curiae, represented by Robert J. McNamara

Institute for Marriage and Public Policy, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Teresa Stanton Collett

International Conference of Evangelical Endorsers, Amicus Curiae, represented by Arthur A. Schulcz Sr.

James Obergefell, et al. v. Richard Hodges, Director, Ohio Department of Health, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by John J. Bursch

Jason Feliciano and Seventeen Pastors, Amicus Curiae, represented by Sandra F. Gilbert

John K. Olson, Amicus Curiae, represented by G. Eric Brunstad Jr.

Jon Simmons, Amicus Curiae, represented by Kevin E. Green

Judicial Watch, Inc., Amicus Curiae, represented by James F. Peterson

Kenneth B. Mehlman, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Seth P. Waxman

Kristin M. Perry, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Theodore B. Olson

Langley Hill Friends Meeting, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by J. E. McNeil

Lary S. Larson, Amicus Curiae, represented by Sean J. Coletti

Law Enforcement Officers, First Responders and Organizations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Hunter Thompson Carter

Lawrence J. Korb, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Joseph R. Guerra

Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Matthew Michael Hoffman

Leaders of the 2012 Republican National Convention Committee on the Platform, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by James Bopp Jr.

Legal Scholars Stephen Clark, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Joseph Patrick Lombardo

Legal Services NYC, Amicus Curiae, represented by Owen C. Pell

LGBT Student Organizations at Undergraduate, Graduate and Professional Schools, Amicus Curiae, represented by Andrew Melzer

Liberty Scholars and the Saint Thomas More Society of Dallas, Amicus Curiae, represented by David R. Upham

Lighted Candle Society, Amicus Curiae, represented by George M. Weaver

Louisiana, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by S. Kyle Duncan

Mae Kuykendall, David Upham and Michael Worley, Amicus Curiae, represented by Mae Kuykendall

Major Religious Organizations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Alexander Dushku

Marriage Equality USA, Amicus Curiae, represented by Martin N. Buchanan

Massachusetts, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Jonathan B. Miller

Michigan Catholic Conference, Amicus Curiae, represented by James J. Walsh

Mike Huckabee Policy Solutions and, Family Research Institute, Amicus Curiae, represented by Jeffrey S. Wittenbrink

Minnesota, Amicus Curiae, represented by Jacob Daniel Campion

NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc., et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by John Paul Schnapper-Casteras

National Coalition of Black Pastors and Christian Leaders, Amicus Curiae, represented by Richard Thompson

National Family Civil Rights Center, Amicus Curiae, represented by Douglas J. Callahan

National Women's Law Center, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Emily J. Martin

Ninety-Two Plaintiffs in Marriage Cases in Alabama, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Richard D. Bernstein

North Carolina Values Coalition, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Deborah Dewart

Organizations and Scholars of Gender-diverse Parenting, Amicus Curiae, represented by Edward H. Trent

Organizations That Promote Biological Parenting, Amicus Curiae, represented by Timothy N. Tardibono

Outserve-Servicemembers Legal Defense Network, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Christopher D. Man

Parents and Friends of Gays & Ex-Gays, Amicus Curiae, represented by Dean R. Broyles

PFLAG, Inc,, Amicus Curiae, represented by Andrew J. Davis

President of the House of Deputies of the Episcopal Church, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Jeffrey S. Trachtman

Professor Daniel N. Robinson, Ph.D., Amicus Curiae, represented by Kevin T. Snider

Professors Laurence H. Tribe and Michael C. Dorf, Amicus Curiae, represented by Christopher J. Wright

Professor W. Burlette Carter, Amicus Curiae, represented by Willieta Burlette Carter

ProtectMarriage.com - Yes on 8, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Andrew P. Pugno

Public Advocate of the U.S., et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by William J. Olson

Religious Organizations, Public Speakers, and Scholars Concerned About Free Speech, Amicus Curiae, represented by Kelly J. Shackelford

Richard A. Lawrence, Amicus Curiae, represented by Richard A. Lawrence

Robert J. Bentley, Governor of Alabama, Amicus Curiae, represented by Algert S. Agricola Jr.

Ryan T. Anderson, Ph.D., Amicus Curiae, represented by Michael F. Smith

Same-Sex Attracted Men and their Wives, Amicus Curiae, represented by Darrin K. Johns

Scholars of Fertility and Marriage, Amicus Curiae, represented by James R Tate

Scholars of History and Related Disciplines, Amicus Curiae, represented by Charles J. Cooper

Scholars of Originalism, Amicus Curiae, represented by William C. Duncan

Scholars of the Constitutional Rights of Children, Amicus Curiae, represented by Catherine E. Smith

Services and Advocacy for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Elders, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Jonathan Jacob Nadler

Snyder, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Aaron D. Lindstrom

Southeastern Legal Foundation, Amicus Curiae, represented by Shannon Lee Goessling

State of Alabama, Amicus Curiae, represented by Andrew L. Brasher

State of South Carolina, Amicus Curiae, represented by Robert D. Cook

Survivors of Sexual Orientation Change Therapies, Amicus Curiae, represented by Sanford Jay Rosen

Tanco, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Douglas Hallward-Driemeier

Texas Eagle Forum and Steven F. Hotze, M.D., Amicus Curiae, represented by Andrew L. Schlafly

Texas Values, Amicus Curiae, represented by David S. Lill

The AllIance: State Advocates for Woman's Rights and Gender Equality, Amicus Curiae, represented by Kathleen M. O'Sullivan

The American Humanist Association and Center for Inquiry, Amicus Curiae, represented by Elizabeth L. Hileman

The Cleveland Choral Arts Association Inc. a/k/a The North Coast Men's Chorus, Amicus Curiae, represented by Harlan Daniel Karp

The Committee for Justice, Amicus Curiae, represented by Meir Katz

The County of Cuyahoga, Ohio, Amicus Curiae, represented by Majeed G. Makhlouf

The Donaldson Adoption Institute, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Aaron Michael Tidman

The General Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Eric C. Rassbach

The Human Rights Campaign and 207, 551 Americans, Amicus Curiae, represented by Roberta A. Kaplan

The Liberty Education Forum, Amicus Curiae, represented by Craig Engle

The Mattachine Society of Washington, D.C., Amicus Curiae, represented by Paul M. Thompson

Theodore Coates, Amicus Curiae, represented by Theodore Coates

The Organization of American Historians, Amicus Curiae, represented by Catherine E. Stetson

The Ruth Institute and Dr. Jennifer Roback Morse, Ph.D., Amicus Curiae, represented by Sharee S. Langenstein

Tri Valley Law, P.C., Amicus Curiae, represented by Marc A. Greendorfer

United States, Amicus Curiae, represented by Donald B. Verrilli Jr.

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Amicus Curiae, represented by Anthony R. Picarello Jr.

Virginia, Amicus Curiae, represented by Stuart A. Raphael

Wyoming Legislators and Scholars of Full Faith and Credit, Amicus Curiae, represented by Herbert K. Doby