JUDGMENT ISSUED.

Adjudged to be REVERSED IN PART, VACATED IN PART, and REMANDED (No. 18-588 is Affirmed and Remanded, and No. 18-589 February 13, 2018 order Vacated, November 9, 2017 order Affirmed in Part, March 29, 2018 order Reversed in Part, and Case Remanded). Roberts, C. J., delivered the opinion of the Court, except as to Part IV. Ginsburg, Breyer, and Kagan, JJ., joined that opinion in full, and Sotomayor, J., joined as to all but Part IV. Sotomayor, J., filed an opinion concurring in part, concurring in the judgment in part, and dissenting in part. Thomas, J., filed an opinion concurring in the judgment in part and dissenting in part, in which Alito and Gorsuch, JJ., joined. Alito, J., and Kavanaugh, J., filed opinions concurring in the judgment in part and dissenting in part. VIDED.

Motion of respondents Martin Jonathan Batalla Vidal, et al. in No. 18-589 for leave to file a supplemental brief after oral argument GRANTED.

Motion of respondents Martin Jonathan Batalla Vidal, et al. in No. 18-589 to file a supplemental brief after oral argument filed (in 18-589). (Distributed)

Motion For Leave To File Supplemental Brief After Oral Argument, and Supplemental Brief of Martin Jonathan Batalla Vidal, et al. submitted.

Motion of respondents Martin Jonathan Batalla Vidal, et al. in No. 18-589 for leave to file a supplemental brief after oral argument filed (in 18-589). (Distributed)

Motion of respondents Martin Jonathan Batalla Vidal, et al. to file a supplemental brief after argument in No. 18-589 filed (in 18-589). (Distributed)

Argued. For petitioners: Noel J. Francisco, Solicitor General, Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. For private respondents: Theodore B. Olson, Washington, D. C. For state respondents: Michael J. Mongan, Solicitor General, San Francisco, Cal. VIDED.

A total of 80 minutes is allotted for oral argument, and the time is divided as follows: 40 minutes for the Solicitor General, 20 minutes for the private respondents, and 20 minutes for the state respondents. VIDED.

Reply of Department of Homeland Security, et al. submitted.

Reply of petitioners Department of Homeland Security, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Amicus brief of Nonprofit Legal Services Organizations submitted.

Brief amici curiae of Nonprofit Legal Services Organizations filed. VIDED.

Amicus brief of 47 Nonprofit Legal Services Organizations submitted.

Brief amici curiae of American Council on Education and 43 Other Higher Education Associations filed. VIDED.

Amicus brief of American Council on Education and 43 Other Higher Education Associations submitted.

Amicus brief of 127 Religious Organizations submitted.

Corrected Certificate of Compliance of Alianza Americas, et al. submitted.

Joint motion of respondents for enlargement of time for oral argument and for divided argument is GRANTED in part and the time is divided as follows: 30 minutes for the Solicitor General, 15 minutes for the private respondents, and 15 minutes for the state respondents. VIDED.

Motion of Texas, et al. for enlargement of time for oral argument, for leave to participate in oral argument as amici curiae, and for divided argument DENIED. VIDED.

Amicus brief of Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, et al. submitted.

Amicus brief of American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, American Academy of Pediatrics, Center for Law and Social Policy, and 33 Child Advocacy Organizations, Medical Professionals, and Child Development Experts submitted.

Brief amici curiae of National Education Association and National PTA filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Amicus brief of Modern Military Association of America submitted.

Brief amici curiae of 127 Religious Organizations filed (October 22, 2019). VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of 127 Religious Organizations filed. VIDED. (Distributed)(10/22/2019)

Brief amici curiae of Alianza Americas, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Nonprofit Legal Services Organizations filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Amicus brief of Nonprofit Legal Services Organizations not accepted for filing. (October 23, 2019)

Amicus brief of 47 Nonprofit Legal Services Organizations not accepted for filing. (October 23, 2019)

Amicus brief of American Council on Education and 43 Other Higher Education Associations not accepted for filing. (October 21, 2019 - Corrected version submitted)

Brief amici curiae of American Council on Education and 43 Other Higher Education Associations filed. VIDED.(Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Association of American Medical Colleges, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed). (October 9, 2019).

Brief amici curiae of Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed). (October 15, 2019).

Brief amici curiae of Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed). (Corrected brief filed).

Brief amici curiae of National School Boards Association, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed). (Corrected brief submitted).

Brief amici curiae of Former Service Secretaries, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Empirical Scholars filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Administrative Law Practitioners filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Immigration Law Scholars filed. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS filed. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Empirical Scholars filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Amicus brief of National School Boards Association, School Superintendents Association, National Association of Secondary School Principals, and American School Counselor Association submitted.

Amicus brief of Public Citizen, Inc, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., American Civil Liberties Union submitted.

Amicus brief of American Council on Education and 43 Other Higher Education Associations submitted.

Amicus brief of Service Employees International Union, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, and American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees submitted.

Amicus brief of Association of American Medical Colleges, et al. submitted.

Amicus brief of NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc. submitted.

Amicus brief of American Historical Association, Organization of American Historians, 42 Historians, and The Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality submitted.

Amicus brief of States of Nevada, et al. submitted.

Amicus brief of National Education Association and National PTA submitted.

Amicus brief of Former National Security Officials submitted.

Amicus brief of Administrative Law Practitioners submitted.

Amicus brief of 165 Institutions of Higher Education submitted.

Amicus brief of Former Homeland Security and Immigration Officials submitted.

Amicus brief of Current Members of Congress and Bipartisan Former Members of Congress submitted.

Brief amici curiae of Public Interest Law Center, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Service Employees International Union, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, and American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Public Citizen, Inc, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Teach for America, Inc. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of The National Association of Home Builders, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of States of Nevada, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Institutions of Higher Education filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Amicus brief of American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, et al. not accepted for filing. (October 08, 2019 - to be corrected)

Brief amici curiae of Former Homeland Security and Immigration Officials filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Former National Security Officials filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of American Historical Association, et al. filed. VIDED (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of National School Boards Association, School Superintendents Association, National Association of Secondary School Principals, and American School Counselor Association filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc. filed. VIDED. (Distributed).

Brief amici curiae of 109 Cities, Counties, Municipalities, and Local Government Advocacy Organizations filed. VIDED (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Administrative Law Scholars filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Amicus brief of Empirical Scholars in Support of Respondent submitted.

Amicus brief of Public Interest Law Center, et al. submitted.

Amicus brief of 127 RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS submitted.

Amicus brief of IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS submitted.

Amicus brief of 109 Cities, Counties, Municipalities, and Local Government Advocacy Organizations submitted.

Amicus brief of United States Conference of Catholic Bishops et al. submitted.

Amicus brief of American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, American Academy of Pediatrics, Center for Law and Social Policy, and 33 Child Advocacy Organizations, Medical Professionals, and Child Development Experts submitted.

Amicus brief of 47 Nonprofit Legal Services Organizations submitted.

Amicus brief of Modern Military Association of America, Former Service Secretaries, and Military and Veteran Advocacy Organizations submitted.

Brief amici curiae of NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Current Members of Congress and Bipartisan Former Members of Congress filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Amicus brief of Administrative Law Scholars submitted.

Amicus brief of Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, et al. submitted.

Amicus brief of The National Association of Home Builders, The Real Estate Roundtable, and The Essential Worker Immigration Coalition submitted.

Amicus brief of Teach for America, Inc. submitted.

Amicus brief of Alianza Americas, et al. submitted.

Amicus brief of Government of the United Mexican States submitted.

Amicus brief of 143 U.S. Business Associations and Companies submitted.

Amicus brief of Nineteen Colleges And Universities submitted.

Brief amici curiae of 143 U.S. Business Associations and Companies filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Current and Former Prosecutors and Law Enforcement Leaders filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amicus curiae of Government of the United Mexican States filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief amici curiae of Nineteen Colleges And Universities filed. (Distributed)

Amicus brief of Current and Former Prosecutors and Law Enforcement Leaders submitted.

Brief amici curiae of Tim Cook, Deirdre O'Brien and Apple,et al. filed. VIDED.

Amicus brief of United We Dream and 50 Organizations submitted.

Brief amici curiae of United We Dream and 50 Organizations filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Amicus brief of Tim Cook, Deirdre O'Brien and Apple submitted.

Amicus brief of National Queer Asian Pacific Islander Alliance submitted.

Brief amici curiae of National Queer Asian Pacific Islander Alliance, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief of respondents Dulce Garcia, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief of respondents DACA Recipients, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief of respondents DACA Recipient Respondents, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief of respondents New York, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief of D.C. Respondents filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief of New York, et al. submitted.

Brief of respondents Regents of the University of California, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief of Dulce Garcia, et al. submitted.

Brief of respondents Regents of the Univeristy of California and Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California filed. VIDED.

Brief of respondents States of California, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief of Princeton University, Microsoft Corporation, Maria De La Cruz Perales Sanchez submitted.

Brief of Regents of the Univeristy of California and Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California submitted.

Brief of Dulce Garcia, Miriam Gonzalez Avila, Saul Jimenez Suarez, Viridiana Chabolla Mendoza, Norma Ramirez, and Jirayut Latthivongskorn submitted.

Brief of States of California, et al. submitted.

Motion of Dulce Garcia, et al. for divided argument submitted.

Amicus brief of DACA Recipients and State of New Jersey submitted.

Brief amici curiae of DACA Recipients and State of New Jersey filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Joint motion of respondents for enlargement of time for oral argument and for divided argument, and response to motion of Texas, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of DACA Recipients and State of New Jersey filed. VIDED.

Joint Motion for Enlargement of Argument Time and Divided Argument and Response to Motion by State of Texas for Leave to Participate in Oral Argument of Dulce Garcia, Miriam Gonzalez Avila, Saul Jimenez Suarez, Viridiana Chabolla Mendoza, Norma Ramirez, and Jirayut Latthivongskorn submitted.

Response to Motion for Expanded Argument of Department of Homeland Security, et al. submitted.

Response of petitioners to motion of Texas, et al. for enlargement of time for oral argument, for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae and for divided argument, filed. VIDED.

Motion of States of Texas, et al. for leave to participate in oral argument as amici curiae and for divided argument filed. VIDED.

Motion of States of Texas, et al. for enlargement of time for oral argument, for leave to participate in oral argument as amici curiae and for divided argument filed. VIDED.

Motion of States of Texas, et al. for leave to participate in oral argument and for divided argument submitted.

Record received from the U.S.D.C. District of Califorina, San Francisco Division is electronic and located on PACER with the exception of Sealed documents which is electronically filed.

Record received from the U.S.C.A. 9th Circuit is electronic and located on PACER.

Record requested from the U.S.C.A. 9th Circuit.

CIRCULATED

Amicus brief of States of Texas, et al. submitted.

Brief amici curiae of Cato Institute, et al. filed. VIDED.

Amicus brief of Cato Institute not accepted for filing. (August 30, 2019) (Duplicate submission).

Amici brief of States of Texas, et al. not accepted for filing. (August 26, 2019 - Corrected brief to be submitted)

Amicus brief of Cato Institute not accepted for filing. (August 30, 2019) (Dupilicate submission)

Amicus brief of Cato Institute not accepted for filing. (August 30, 2019)

Brief amicus curiae of Southeastern Legal Foundation filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Citizens United, Citizens United Foundation, and The Presidential Coalition, LLC filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Save Jobs USA, et al. filed. VIDED.

Brief amicus curiae of Immigration Reform Law Institute filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of States of Texas, et al. filed. VIDED.

Amicus brief of States of Texas, et al. not accepted for filing. (August 26, 2019 - Corrected brief to be submitted)

Amicus brief of Citizens United, Citizens United Foundation, and The Presidential Coalition, LLC submitted.

Amicus brief of Immigration Reform Law Institute submitted.

Amicus brief of States of Texas, et al. submitted.

Amicus brief of Southeastern Legal Foundation submitted.

Amicus brief of Save Jobs USA submitted.

Amicus brief of Cato Institute submitted.

Brief amici curiae of Professors--Dean Ronald A. Cass, et al. in support of neither party filed.

Brief amicus curiae of Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of Professors--Dean Ronald A. Cass, et al. filed.

Amicus brief of Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence submitted.

Amicus brief of Professors--Dean Ronald A. Cass, Christopher C. Demuth, Sr., James L. Huffman submitted.

Brief of petitioners Department of Homeland Security, et al. filed. VIDED. (Distributed)

Brief of petitioners Department of Homeland Security, et al. filed. VIDED.

Joint appendix filed (2 volumes). VIDED. (Distributed)

Joint appendix filed (2 volumes). VIDED.

Joint Appendix submitted.

Brief of Department of Homeland Security, et al. submitted.

Consent to the filing of amicus briefs received from counsel for States of California, et al. submitted.

Blanket Consent filed by Respondent, States of California, et al. VIDED.

Blanket Consent filed by Respondent, Martin Jonathan Batalla Vidal, et al. VIDED.

Joint motion to extend the time to file the briefs on the merits is granted. The time to file the joint appendix and petitioners' brief on the merits is extended to and including August 19, 2019. The time to file respondents' briefs on the merits is extended to and including September 27, 2019. The reply brief is to be filed in accordance with Rule 25.3.

Blanket Consent filed by Respondents, Regents of the Univeristy of California and Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California. VIDED.

Blanket Consent filed by Respondent, New York, et al. VIDED.

Blanket Consent filed by Respondents, Regents of the Univeristy of California and Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California.

Consent to the filing of amicus briefs received from counsel for Regents of the Univeristy of California and Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California submitted.

Consent to the filing of amicus briefs received from counsel for New York, et al. submitted.

Blanket Consent filed by Respondent, Princeton University, Microsoft Corporation, Maria De La Cruz Perales Sanchez

Blanket Consent filed by Respondent, County of Santa Clara and Service Employees International Union Local 521

Blanket Consent filed by Respondents, County of Santa Clara and Service Employees International Union Local 521.

Consent to the filing of amicus briefs received from counsel for County of Santa Clara and Service Employees International Union Local 521 submitted.

Motion of Department of Homeland Security, et al. for an extension of time submitted.

Joint motion for an extension of time to file the briefs on the merits filed. VIDED.

Blanket Consent filed by Respondents, Dulce Garcia, Miriam Gonzalez Avila, Saul Jimenez Suarez, Viridiana Chabolla Mendoza, Norma Ramirez, and Jirayut Latthivongskorn. VIDED.

Blanket Consent filed by Respondents, Dulce Garcia, Miriam Gonzalez Avila, Saul Jimenez Suarez, Viridiana Chabolla Mendoza, Norma Ramirez, and Jirayut Latthivongskorn.

Consent to the filing of amicus briefs received from counsel for Dulce Garcia, Miriam Gonzalez Avila, Saul Jimenez Suarez, Viridiana Chabolla Mendoza, Norma Ramirez, and Jirayut Latthivongskorn submitted.

Blanket Consent filed by Petitioner, Department of Homeland Security, et al. VIDED.

Consent to the filing of amicus briefs received from counsel for Department of Homeland Security, et al. submitted.

SET FOR ARGUMENT on Tuesday, November 12, 2019. VIDED

Because the Court has consolidated these cases for briefing and oral argument, future filings and activity in the cases will now be reflected on the docket of No. 18-587. Subsequent filings in these cases must therefore be submitted through the electronic filing system in No. 18-587. Each document submitted in connection with one or more of these cases must include on its cover the case number and caption for each case in which the filing is intended to be submitted. Where a filing is submitted in fewer than all of the cases, the docket entry will reflect the case number(s) in which the fling is submitted; a document filed in all of the consolidated cases will be noted as “VIDED.”

Petition for a writ of certiorari GRANTED. The petitions for writs of certiorari before judgment in No. 18-588 and No. 18-589 are granted. The cases are consolidated, and a total of one hour is allotted for oral argument. VIDED.

DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 6/27/2019.

DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 6/20/2019.

DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 6/13/2019.

DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 1/18/2019.

Reply of petitioners Department of Homeland Security, et al. filed. (Distributed)

Reply of Department of Homeland Security, et al. submitted.

Letter of Department of Homeland Security, et al. submitted.

DISTRIBUTED for Conference of 1/11/2019.

Letter waiving the 14-day waiting period under Rule 15.5 filed.

Brief of respondents Dulce Garcia, et al. in opposition filed.

Brief of respondents Regents of the Univeristy of California, et al. in opposition filed.

Brief of respondents States of California, et al. in opposition filed.

Brief of Dulce Garcia, Miriam Gonzalez Avila, Saul Jimenez Suarez, Viridiana Chabolla Mendoza, Norma Ramirez, Jirayut Latthivongskorn, the County of Santa Clara, and Service Employees International Union Local 521 in opposition submitted.

Brief of Regents of the Univeristy of California and Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California in opposition submitted.

Brief of State of California in opposition submitted.

Amicus brief of THE STATES OF TEXAS, ALABAMA, ARIZONA, ARKANSAS, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, NEBRASKA, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND WEST VIRGINIA, AND GOVERNOR PHIL BRYANT OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI submitted.

Brief amici curiae of Citizens United, Citizens United Foundation, English First Foundation, Public Advocate of the U.S., The Senior Citizens League, 60 Plus Foundation, Gun Owners of America, Gun Owners Foundation, Conservative Legal Defense and Education Fund, Patriotic Vete filed. VIDED.

Brief amici curiae of The States of Texas, et al. filed. VIDED.

Amicus brief of Citizens United, Citizens United Foundation, English First Foundation, Public Advocate of the U.S., The Senior Citizens League, 60 Plus Foundation, Gun Owners of America, Gun Owners Foundation, Conservative Legal Defense and Education Fund, Patriotic Veterans, Policy Analysis Center, and Restoring Liberty Action Committee submitted.

Brief amicus curiae of Immigration Reform Law Institute filed.

Amicus brief of Immigration Reform Law Institute submitted.

Amicus brief of Eagle Forum Education & Legal Defense Fund submitted.

Brief amicus curiae of Eagle Forum Education & Legal Defense Fund filed.

Motion to extend the time to file a response is granted and the time is extended to and including December 17, 2018, for all respondents.

Motion to extend the time to file a response from December 5, 2018 to December 17, 2018, submitted to The Clerk.

Letter of November 27, 2018 from the Solicitor General with respect to corrected supplemental brief of petitioners filed. (11/28/2018)

Supplemental brief of petitioners Department of Homeland Security, et al. filed. (11/28/2018)

Supplemental brief of petitioners Department of Homeland Security, et al. filed. (Corrected version submitted)

Petition for a writ of certiorari before judgment filed. (Response due December 5, 2018)

Department of Homeland Security, et al., Petitioner, represented by Noel J. Francisco

County of Santa Clara, Respondent, represented by Stacey Monica Leyton

County of Santa Clara and Service Employees International Union Local 521, Respondent, represented by Stacey Monica Leyton

Dulce Garcia, et al., Respondent, represented by Theodore B. Olson

Dulce Garcia, Miriam Gonzalez Avila, Saul Jimenez Suarez, Viridiana Chabolla Mendoza, Norma Ramirez, and Jirayut Latthivongskorn, Respondent, represented by Theodore B. Olson

Dulce Garcia, Miriam Gonzalez Avila, Saul Jimenez Suarez, Viridiana Chabolla Mendoza, Norma Ramirez, and Jirayut Latthivongskorn, Respondent, represented by Theodore J. Boutrous Jr.

Dulce Garcia, Miriam Gonzalez Avila, Saul Jimenez Suarez, Viridiana Chabolla Mendoza, Norma Ramirez, Jirayut Latthivongskorn, the County of Santa Clara, and Service Employees International Union Local 521, Respondent, represented by Theodore J. Boutrous Jr.

Martin Jonathan Batalla Vidal, et al., Respondent, represented by Michael J. Wishnie

New York, et al., Respondent, represented by Barbara Dale Underwood

Princeton University, Microsoft Corporation, Maria De La Cruz Perales Sanchez, Respondent, represented by Lindsay C. Harrison

Regents of the Univeristy of California and Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California, Respondent, represented by Robert A. Long Jr.

Regents of the Univeristy of California and Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California, Respondent, represented by Robert Allen Long Jr.

Service Employees International Union Local 521, Respondent, represented by Stacey Monica Leyton

State of California, Respondent, represented by Michael James Mongan

States of California, et al., Respondent, represented by Michael James Mongan

109 Cities, Counties, Municipalities, and Local Government Advocacy Organizations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Michael Joseph Dundas

47 Nonprofit Legal Services Organizations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Maureen Patricia Alger

Alianza Americas, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Neil V. McKittrick

American Council on Education and 43 Other Higher Education Associations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Neal Kumar Katyal

Association of American Medical Colleges, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Jonathan Saul Franklin

Center for Constitutional Jurisprudence, Amicus Curiae, represented by John C. Eastman

Citizens United, Citizens United Foundation, and The Presidential Coalition, LLC, Amicus Curiae, represented by Robert Jeffrey Olson

Current and Former Prosecutors and Law Enforcement Leaders, Amicus Curiae, represented by Mary B. McCord

Current Members of Congress and Bipartisan Former Members of Congress, Amicus Curiae, represented by Brianne Jenna Gorod

Eagle Forum Education & Legal Defense Fund, Amicus Curiae, represented by Andrew L. Schlafly

Empirical Scholars, Amicus Curiae, represented by Nikolas Bowie

Empirical Scholars in Support of Respondent, Amicus Curiae, represented by Nikolas Bowie

Former Homeland Security and Immigration Officials, Amicus Curiae, represented by Albert Quoc Giang

Former National Security Officials, Amicus Curiae, represented by Harold Hongju Koh

Former Service Secretaries, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Charles Bennett Klein

Government of the United Mexican States, Amicus Curiae, represented by Adela Elvia Ruth McChesney

Immigration Law Scholars, Amicus Curiae, represented by Harry Lee

IMMIGRATION LAW SCHOLARS, Amicus Curiae, represented by Harry Lee

Immigration Reform Law Institute, Amicus Curiae, represented by Lawrence J. Joseph

Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by William D. Coston

Modern Military Association of America, Amicus Curiae, represented by Charles Bennett Klein

Modern Military Association of America, Former Service Secretaries, and Military and Veteran Advocacy Organizations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Charles Bennett Klein

NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc., Amicus Curiae, represented by Natasha Clarise Merle

National Education Association and National PTA, Amicus Curiae, represented by Alice Margaret O'Brien

National Queer Asian Pacific Islander Alliance, Amicus Curiae, represented by Susan Marie Finegan

National School Boards Association, School Superintendents Association, National Association of Secondary School Principals, and American School Counselor Association, Amicus Curiae, represented by Richard P. Bress

Nineteen Colleges And Universities, Amicus Curiae, represented by Anton Metlitsky

Nonprofit Legal Services Organizations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Maureen Patricia Alger

Professors--Dean Ronald A. Cass, Christopher C. Demuth, Sr., James L. Huffman, Amicus Curiae, represented by Ronald Andrew Cass

Public Citizen, Inc, Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., American Civil Liberties Union, Amicus Curiae, represented by Scott Lawrence Nelson

Public Interest Law Center, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Thomas Warnes Hazlett

Save Jobs USA, Amicus Curiae, represented by John Michael Miano

Service Employees International Union, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, and American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, Amicus Curiae, represented by Deepak Gupta

Southeastern Legal Foundation, Amicus Curiae, represented by Kurt Robert Hilbert

States of Texas, et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Kyle Douglas Hawkins

Teach for America, Inc., Amicus Curiae, represented by Ronald G. Blum

THE STATES OF TEXAS, ALABAMA, ARIZONA, ARKANSAS, FLORIDA, LOUISIANA, NEBRASKA, SOUTH CAROLINA, AND WEST VIRGINIA, AND GOVERNOR PHIL BRYANT OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI, Amicus Curiae, represented by Kyle Douglas Hawkins

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops et al., Amicus Curiae, represented by Stephen William Miller

United We Dream and 50 Organizations, Amicus Curiae, represented by Peter Karanjia